Pattern-grading machine



- Nov, E3, 3923, L ligfi gg F. w. POTTER PATTERN GRADING MACHINE Filed June 25, 1919 5 Sheets-Sheet 1' RAE-73,7338

New. 113, 1923.

F. W. POTTER PATTERN GRADING MACHINE Filed June 23, 1919 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 NW. 3, m3.

L473fi38 F. W. POTTER PATTERN GRAbING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 23, 1919 WWW- kw araar cornice.

FREDERIC W. POTTER, 01 L08 ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR, T0 mTZ-WIPIRE DOUBIZE PIVOT LAST COMPANY, OF AUBURN, MAINE, A CORPORATION 9E MAINE.

PATTERN-GRADING MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERIC W. Por'rnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented certain Improvements in Pattern-Grading Machines, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like reference characters on the drawings indicating like parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to pattern copying or the production of objects having a systematic resemblance to a pattern used as a guide or template, and is disclosed as embodied in a so-called pattern grading machine. Many of the principles and features of the invention are of broad application to the entire class of pattern-copying machinery, including the production of objects having three dimensions, and accordingly I do not intend that all of the appended claims shall be limited in scope to pattern making machinery of the two-dimensional type. I have, therefore, in many of the claims, used Words and terms in a generic sense as applying to the broad class of machinery of the pattern reproducing type As is well known, patterns are cut from a model by means of so-called length-andwidth grading mechanisms. The e-fi'ect of these mechanisms is to magnify pantographically but independently the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the model and to reproduce them, thus magnified, in the work. It is sometimes desirable that the pattern be reproduced non-geometrically,

I invention is found in its application to the inaking a new model x igelatively slow width grading at the heel Application filed June 23, 1919. serial No. 306,131.

provision of a s stem of graded sole atterns from a m e1 sole pattern from w ich they are all to differ in having, for example, the ball displaced to the front, and in havmg the heel portions width-graded less rapidly than the foreparts. The displacement of the ball under the heretofore known practice would have to be taken 'care of by by hand, and the dould not be mechanically accomplished at all, The resent invention provides a mechamsm w ich will grade the ball portion of the pattern into any desired position and will at the same time grade the wide and narrow portions of the work at difierent rates.

Broadly, the invention comprises mechanlsm having model and work holding instrumentalities, and model and work engaging instrumentalities and mechanism for effecting relative movements between corresponding .instrumentalities in pairs, said movements having a velocity ratio independently variable in more than one dimension. These pairs may be formed as desired. That is, they may comprise the two model instrumentalities and the two work instrumentalities or they may comprise the two holders and the two engaging instrumentalities, and one member of the pair need not necessarily move. In ordinary pattern grading, the model and Work are held motionless and the model guide and tool are moved in two dimensions 'over them at an approximately constant velocity ratio in each dimension. Such an arrangement is, however, not necessary, as grading is simply a question of relative movements between the four principal instrumentalities of the machine, above noted, either two, three or four of them being actually moved, and I desire, therefore, that my claims be construed as broadly as the prior art permits, and that they be not restricted to an interpretation dependent on the particular form of machine shown in the drawing. Advantageously this velocity ratio (considered in several dimensions) may be made variable in one or more dimensions during a portion of the operation and constant in one or more dimensions during a portion of the operation.

Kilt) Another feature of the invention is in a odel and work instrumachine having m v mentalities and means for relatively moving ard to a a model instrumentality with re work instrumentality in several. imensions at a variable velocity ratio. A further feature of the invention is in a machine having model and work instrumentalities and means for altering their distance from each other at non-"uniform rates in two dimensions during the production ofthe work. By the operation of such i-nstrumentalities work may be produced having a predeterminedly systematic lack of proportion, in se eral dimensions, to the model.

A further feature of the invention is 1n a machine having model and work instruinentalities and mechanism for altering the distance between them comprising levers grading in two dimensions, the advantages of which vary during the production of the work. A non-uniformity in the change of relation between these instrumentalities during the work production is thereby produced.

Another important feature of my invention resides in the convertibility of the mechanism. My machine can be adjusted so that its action corresponds exactly to that of the commercial machines at present in use. It can thus be converted from an ordinarily grading machine to a IlOIl-llIl1- formly grading machine, and can therefore be kept running all the time at one kind of work or the other. I

Another feature of the invention is 1n a width grading mechanism constructed and arranged to effect predeterminate departures from substantially accurate pantographic grading.

Advantageously the machine may be constructed for efi'ecting systematic departures from pantographic or geometrical grading in the same sense reckoning from an intermediate point or line of the model. This feature is of special importance in connection with width-grading sole patterns, for example, in which it may be desired to widen the-foreparts more rapidly than the heel parts, and to maintain unchanged a median lon itudinal axis.

file present invention may be regarded from still another point of view. The ordinary' (pattern copying machine maybe regarde broadly as a machine for separately reproducin and then re-combining a series of difierentlal elements of the model, according to some (generally pantagraphic) law. In the illustrated type of machine, as ordinarily found, these elements are the members of either set of strai ht lines parallel to the length and width of the pattern, respectively, of which the pattern may be regarded as composed.- These lines are stretched by the length and width graders, respectively, and

broadly provides, entire are then combined in the work in a relation corresponding geometrically in two respects to that of their prototypes in the model, viz. (l) the distances between the reproduced elements are proportional to the distances between their prototypes in the model, and (2) their relations considered transversely to the direction in which their relative (non-geometric), effected substantial differences only in size as distinguished from shape or style, owing to the fact that the reproduced difi'erential elements were combined. in the work, as stated, in an aggregate having a geometric relation to the corresponding aggregate of differential elements of the model. The present invention y aside from the law of individual reproduction of these elements, for a distinctly non-geometrical relation between the arrangement of these elements in the work as compared with that of their model prototypes, thereby effecting distinct changes in shape and style, as dis- I tinguished from size, and consequently bringing about large savings in the matter of model making, which, as heretofore practiced, has been a very expensive hand labor proposition. In the present embodiment of the invention, the distances between the reproduced elements are rendered nonproportional to the corresponding distances in the model by a non-uniformly acting grading mechanism. This is true as regards the elements of both systems, the two grading mechanisms acting entirely independ- While I have selected this type of re-arrangement of the reproduced elements for illustrative purposes, this does not import a limitation of the invention to this particular embodiment, as the invention may be carried out in other ways, for example, by sliding the reproduced elements upon one another, as described in the application of R. M. Packard entitled Pattern grading machine, Ser. No. 353,738, filed Jan. 24, 1920.

These and other features of the invention, comprising various arrangements and combinations of parts, will be understood from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, selected for purposes of grading in both directions from amedian' Fig. 3 shows in lan view a third construction especially a apted to irregularwidth axis.

Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrams illustrating the performance of the machine.

Fig. 6 is a detail of the width grading mechanism.

The main frame. 10 has three uide tracks 12, 14, 16 upon which travel ro lers 18, 20,

- The beam 24 carries a track 32 upon which run two intermediate carriages 34, 36, on rollers 38, 40, respectively. The carriage 36 has an extension 42 supported by a roller 44, running on the beam 28, and has a track 46 on which-runs an upper carriage 48, on rollers, one of which is shown at 50.. This carriage carries the scriber or tool 52, which operates on the work' 52, supported by a glass-plate 52 The model wheel or contact point 53 is carried on the carriage 34. All this construction is well known and need not be further described.

The beam 26 has two projecting arms 54, 56 which support an arm 58, which has adjustably mounted on its front end a bar 60 on which is pivoted a preferably segment shaped control lever 62 at '64. The arm 58 also has a slot 66, in which slides a block 68 to which is pivoted a link 70, the other end of which is pivoted to a block 71 adjustable by a clamp operated by a wrench socket 73, in aslot 72 in the segment 62, passing through its pivot 64. The length grading lever 74 is pivoted at 76 on the carriage 34 and has a slot 78 in its rear end which works over a pin 80 extending downward from the block 68. The link 82 is pivoted to the carriage 36 at one end and at the other is adjustably pivoted to the lever 74 in the well-known manner.

The segment or control lever 62 carries two fingers 84, 86 which are independently slidably adjustablein and out the segment. They are clamped in position by a clamp 87'. The finger 84 is shown in the outward position and the finger 86 in the inward position. A pin 87 extends upwardly from an overhanging arm 89 on the carriage 34 into position to be engaged by these fingers when they are in outward position. When both fingers are extended ,they will just grasp the pin 87 between them. The overhang at 89 provides clearance for the end of the link 82 to be moved along the lever 74. A spring 88 may be connected to the arm 56 or 58, and either end of the segment by means of the hooks 90, 92. Two stops 94, 96 are adjustably mounted on the arm 58, in position to limit the movement of the segment in either or both directions, as and if desired.

Eliminating, for the moment, all consideration of width grading, suppose that the carriage 34 is moving to the right in Fig. 1, that both fingers 84, 86 are extended, and that the link is adjusted at the center of the slot 72. The movement of the carriage 34 will cause the segment to swing, by means of the pin 87 and the fingers, but the link 70 having its end over the pivotal mounting of the segment, will not be moved, and the block 68 will remain stationary. The grading lever 74 will be swung about the now stationary pivot on the block. 68, and unless the leftend of the link 82 is adjusted at the pivot 7 6, the swinging of the lever will cause a differential or grading movement of the carriag'e36, in algebraic addition to that of the carriage 34. The length grading action so far described is normal and will be substantially pantographic in its action.

Suppose now that the link 70 is adjusted away from the center of the segment. The

the moving pivot 80, and its advantage will change continually, so that the length grading ratio will vary from point to point. The rate and direction of variation can be fixed b pioper adjustment of the link 70 in the If it be desired to length grade a sole pattern regularly from the heel to the shank, for example, the finger 86 will be retracted, and the spring 88 placed as in Fig. 1, and then stop 94 will be set to hold the segment in position to be picked up by the pin 87 when the shank is reached. The segment will remain motionless until picked up by the pin and the ading'will be uniform durin this part of t e operation. By a reverse a justment, the machine will grade irregularly on the heel and regularlv in the forepart. The adjustability of the length of the link 70 permits the pivot to be placed as desired irrespective of the positions of the segment and link 70. The adjustment of the arm 60 also adds an element of flexibility to the apparatus, by which a wide range of systematically non-uniform grading action can be procured. It will be observed that the segment 62 is carried without swinging by the up-and-down movement of the carriage 34, in Fig. l, but is swung by right and left movement of the carriage. The machine can be made to grade in the ordinary approximately pantographic manner also by retracting both fingers and clamping the segment immovable by the stoqs 94, 96. The movement of the segment, when in use, has

a rfectly definite relation to'the movement 0 the model wheel and tool. To every position of these latter instrumentalities is assigned a. definite corresponding position of the segment. In case the segment moves only durin a part of the time, many of the positions 0 the segment corresponding to a range of different portions of the model wheel and tool may be identical cycles of movement of the segment and the model wheel (and tool) is definite and complete. The segment may therefore be said to be operated in space relation to the production of the work, or to the traverse of the model by the model wheel, and the like.

The width grading mechanism of Fig. 1

is very similar to the length grading mechanism described. An arm 96' rises from the main frame and overhangs the carriages 34,

36. It has a guide slot 98, in which slides a block 100, which itself has a guide slot 102, in which runs a block 104, carrying a pin at 106 upon which works the slotted portion 108 in the width grading lever 110 which is pivoted on the carriage 36 preferably at a point just below the pin 122 as shown in Fig. 1, in the ordinary manner. The block 104 is pivoted, preferably by the pin 106, to the link 112 which has the same relation to a segment 114, pivoted at 116 on the block 100, as the link 7 0 has to the segment 62. Stops 117 for the segment, analogous to 94 and 96, may be mounted on the block 100, if desired. The segment is provided with fingers 118, 120, as already described in connection with the segment 62, which engage a pin 122, extending upwardly from an overhanging arm 123. A link 124 connects the width grading lever to the ria e '48 in the well-known manner. The mo el wheel carriage 34 and the tool carriage 48 are operatively connected through the carriages 24, 36 42, and the length and width grading mechanisms, so that a movement of either one will effect a definite positive movement of the other. I shall refer to this connecting mechanism as a driving mechanism between the carriages 34 and 48. It is actuated by a movement of either carriage to drive the other.

It is desirable that the segment 114 move to the right and left with the carriage 36, without swinging, and swing in response to up and down movements of the carriage as seen in Fig. 1. The mechanism may be variously constructed for accomplishing this. One convenient way is illustrated in Fig. 2. A link 126 connects the block 100 with the pivot at 122. This link, as shown, lies above all the parts so that it does not interfere with the relative movement of the carria e and lever. In grading a sole pattern, t e total movement of the carriages 34, 36 each side of the center line of the model Wlll be less than two inches, and

car-

the link 126 will be over a foot long. The inaccuracy of movement of the block 100 due to the swing of the link will be negligible. Another and preferred way of accomplishing the connection shown is in Fig. 1. A transverse guide slot 127 is formed in the carriage 36, which may. be extended upwardly in Fig. 1 for the urpose, in which a downwardly extending pin in the block 100 which may be, as shown, collinear with the pivot 116, may slide as the carriage movesup and down. This construction produces rigorous accuracy. The lever 110 is formed with an open slot 128 arranged to work over the pin 116 so that the lever can swing both sides of the block 100.

The operation of the width grading mechanism thus far described is exactly like that of the length grading mechanism described. The operation, regular and irregular, of each mechanism is entirely independent of that of the other, though both may be made to work alike if desired.

The position of the movable pivot in each grading mechanism in so far as it is variable is determined by the position of the marker 52 in the corresponding dimension. That is, the length grading ratios at two points equidistant from the toe of the pattern, but on opposite sides of the work will be equal, and the width grading ratios at two points equidistant from and on the same side of the longitudinal axis of the work, for example, one on the heel edge and one at the toe, will be equal.

There is, in many gases, a distinct advantage in effecting the irregular width grading in opposite directions from an, interior point of the work instead of uni-directionally as described. It might, for example, be desirable that two points on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis should have the same irregularity of width grade. This cannot be readily accomplished by the construction shown in Fig. 1 since the irregularity there progresses quantitatively in the same direction from one side of the work to the other. Fig. 3 shows a solution of this problem.

In the construction shown in Fig. 3 the arm 96 carries in its slot 98 a block 130, in which is longitudinally arranged to slide a block 132, carrying the pivot 106. The block 132 has two rods 134, 136 projecting in opposite directions and working through holes in the block 130. These rods may carry removable springs 138, 139 between the block 132 and the ends of the slot in the block 130, and are threaded for nuts 140, 141 on their outside ends. Two links 142, 144 are pivoted to the pin 106 and slide through blocks146, 148 which are pivoted on the adjustment blocks 150 in the segmental slot 152. These rods carry nuts 1.54, 155,

Images 156, 157, threaded on them inside and out side of the connection with the segment, respectively.

The construction just described is very flexible, and two examples of its use will be described.- Suppose the spring 139 removed, and the nut 154 moved up on the link 142 to contact with the block 146. The'spring 138 will hold the nut 154 against the block 146 and cause the pin 106 to move to the right as the segment swings clockwise. The nut 140 may be adjusted to stop this movement at a desired point.

The nut 156 on the link 144 may be arranged so that the segment will pick it up as it passes, or after or before it passes mean position, and the pivot 106 will then be forced back against the spring 138 as the segment swings still farther clockwise. The nut 155 will be run out far enough to allow the link 142 to slide back through the block 146. Thus the pivot 106 can be forced to 7 move back as the segment swings each side of an intermediate position, so that the width grade is made irregular both Ways from an interior axis of the work.

The grade can be made irregular in the opposite sense both ways from an interior axis of the work by replacing the spring 139, removing the spring 138, and setting the nuts 155, 157 down toward the blocks 146, 148. Then, as the segment 114 swings either side of an intermediate position, the pivot 106 will be pulled to the right in Fig. 3.

; Here the rate of grade will increase each way from the intermediate position; in the illustration in the preceding paragraph it will decrease each way from the intermediate position.

Numerous other ways of using this flexible apparatus will readily occur to the skilled operator.

As already pointed out above, this invention can be regarded from a radically different point of view. The pattern copying machine may be regarded as a mechanism for first reproducing differential elements into which the model may be regarded asv divided '(in effect) and then putting together these reproductions in the work. For example, the ordinary pattern grading machine may be regarded in one aspect as 1) dividing the model into a series of strips or lines (differential elements) parallel for example, to the length of the pattern; (2) reproducing each element or slice by increasing or decreasing its length according to the law of reproduction of the machine (which is generally pantographic, but can be arranged to operate in a different manner. forlength are proportional to the correspond ing distances in the model and (b) so that their relative positions considered in a direction parallel to their lengths are geometrically related to the corresponding phenomenon in' the model., The stretching of these differential elements is effected by the length grading mechanism and the distance between the reproduced elements is magnified or diminished by the width grading mechanism. This stretching is physically accomplished by the contact of the model wheel with the two ends of the differential element. In the ordinary use of the machine, the tool does not draw one complete element after another, but the machine could be used in that manner, if desired, and it is helpful here to conceive the modelwheel as traversing in succession a series of parallel lines into which the model may be regarded as separable. (See Fig. 4.)

In another point of view, the machine may be regarded as dividing the model into stri s parallel to the width of the pattern, stretc ing these by means of the width grader and spacing them by means of the length grader. My invention can be regarded generically as reproducin differential elements taken with regar to a plurality of dimensions of the work and altering their relative positions so as broadly to produce a lack of geometric correspondence between the arrangement in the work and the arrangement in the model,-in one or more of the plurality of dimensions. This alteration in the ordinary geometric relation between the aggregates of differential elements in the model and work, respectively, creates a distinct diiference in style or shape-or distinguished from size merely. In the embodiment of the invention herein illustrated, the differential elements are sets of parallel straight lines, and the lines of a set are I lines (dilferential elements) drawn in the model are reproduced into straight lines in the work, though the lengths of one set are altered by the shifting of the points of which they are composed, incidental to the shifting of the lines of the other set (composed of the same points taken crosswise). In other words, an 1rregular length grading .mcchanism can be regarded as grading ir- 1 to the length, or as relativelyl elements taken parallel to e width, re-

' ardless of how the latter are reproduced.

- model followln 'If the differential elements of the model are indicated as. uniformly spaced, the cone sponding reproduced elements in the work will be non-uniformly spaced and will exhibit condensations and rarefactions in arrangement. The want of geometric correspondence between the two arrangements is apparent and it is obvious that either. arrangement may be regarded as out of proportion to the other.

This is illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. In Fig. 4 is shown a checkerboard pattern having a sole outline drawn upon it. The length grader is supposed to be set so that the grade diminishes steadily from the heel to the too (which would be the result in Fig. .1 if themodel were turned end for end), the

total grade being an increase, and the width grader is supposed to be set so that the grade increases each way from the center (as in the second illustration of the use of the Fig. 3 mechanismhthe total grade again being an increase. Fig. 5 shows the result, corresponding diflferential elements being similarly numbered. The checkerboard is graded into the gridiron pattern shown and the sole outline will be graded into the outline indicated.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In a machine of the class described, model holding means, work holding means, model following means and work treating means, arranged for relative traverses in pairs in more than one dimension, and mechanism for eflecting systematic variations in more than one dimension'in the velocity ratios of the-traverses.

2. In a machine of the class described, model holding means, work holding means, model following means and work treating means, arranged for relative traverses in pairs in more than one dimension, and grading mechanism for effectin systematic variations in the velocity ratios of the traverses independently in several dimensions.

3. In a machine of the class described,-

model holding means, work holding means, means and work treating means arrange for relative traverses in pairs in more than one dimension, and a length grading mechanism and a width grading mechanism, each constructed and arranged to depart continuously and substantially from pantographic reproduction.

4. A machine of the class described having model and work holding instrumentalities, and model and work engaging instrumentalities, and, mechanism for effecting relative movements in several dimensions shiftlng the between corresponding instrumentalities in pairs, said movements considered independently relatively to more than one of the dimensions having a velocity ratio which is variable during the production of a piece of work. i

5. In a machine of the class described, a model wh'eel carriage, a tool carriage, amodel holder and a work holder, and mechanism constructed and arranged to effect relative movements in several dimensions between the first and third and between the second and fourth of said instrumentalities, said movements in each dimension having a velocity ratio variable during the production of a piece of work. c

6. In a machine of the class described, a model wheel carriage, a. tool carriage, a model holder and awork holder, and mechanism constructed and arranged to efiect relative movements in two dimensions between the first-and third and between the second and fourth of said instrumentalities, comprising linkages the effective lengths of which are variable non-uniformly during the production of a piece of work.

7. In a machine of the class described, a model wheel carriage, a tool carriage, a model holder and a work holder, means for simultaneously efl'ec-ting varying pace relations in two dimensions between the first and third and between the se.-ond and fourth of said instrumentalities, corresponding space variations having a non-uniformly varying relation to each other during the production of a. piece of work.

8. In a machine of the class described, a model holder, a work holder, a model follower, and a tool, means for carrying the point of contact of the model and follower along the model, means for simultaneously carrying the point of contact of the wor and the tool along the work, the velocities of the said points of contact considered in several dimensions having ratios variable during the production of a piece of work.

9. In a machine of the class described, a model wheel and a tool, a model and a work piece, means for effecting relative traverses between. the corresponding members of'the said pairs and means for automatically effecting a relative movement in more than one dimension between the members of one of said pairs of instrumentalities which is predeterminably non-uniform considered relatively to the relative movement between the members of the other pair.

10. In a machine of the class described, a model wheel carriage, atool carriage, and mechanism for moving said carriages at a variable velocity ratio considered relatively to two dimensions during the production of a work piece.

11. In a machine of the class described, amodel instrumentality, a work instrumenweaves tality, and means for altering'the distance between said instrumentalitles considered relatively to two dimensions at variable rates during the production of a piece of work. 7

12. In a machine of the class described a carriage relating to the model, a second carriage relating to the work, and a driving means for one carria e located between them, the driving action of said means considered independently relatively to two dimensions having a varyingly determinable non-uniform rate as regards the movement of the other carriage. v

13. In a machine of the class described,

a model instrumentality, a work instrumen tality, and means connecting the two instrumentalities for simultaneous movement, said means considered independently in several dimensions having an efi'ective length which varies non-uniformly according to an arbitrary law during the production of a piece of work.

14. In a machine of the class described, relatively moving carriages, grading devices a for controlling their relative movement in several dimensions, and mechanisms for variably controlling the grading devices.

15. In a machine of the class described, relatively moving carriages, grading devices for controlling their relative movement in several dimensions, and mechanisms for variably controlling the grading devices operated by the movement of a carriage.

16. In a machine of the class described, relatively, moving carriages, grading devices for controlling their relative movement in several dimensions, and mechanisms for continuously varying the operation of the grading devices operated in space relation to the production of the work.

17. In a machine of the class described, two carriages, a grading device for controlling their relative movement in two dimensions, and means for variably controlling the grading device independently relatively to each dimension during a portion of the operation of the machine.

18. In a machine of the class described, two carriages, a grading device for controlling their relative movement, means for varying the operation of the grading device independently in several dimensions, and means for controlling its operation by the movement of a carriage.

19. In a machine of the class described, a model wheel carriage, a tool carriage, and a connection between the carriages comprising two levers having their mean positions substantially at right angles the advantages of which vary substantially during the production of a piece of work.

20. A machine of the class described having model and work .v instrumentalities and means for altering the distance between them comprising two levers lying in transverse directions theadvantagee'ot which are tivetraverses in several dimensions between a the members of each of said pairs of instrumentalities at approximately constant velocity'ratios during a ortion of the roduction of the work, an at a substantial y variable velocity ratio during a portion of the production of the work.

22. In a machine of the class described, a model holder and a model follower, a work holder and a tool, means for efiecting relative traverses in several dimensions between the members of each of said pairs of instrumentalities at approximately constant velocity ratios during a portion of the production of the work, and at a substantially variable velocity ratio during a portion of the production of the work, the phenomena in each dimension being independent.

23. In a machine of the class described, a model wheel carriage, atool carriage and means for varying the distance between said carriages in several dimensions at an approximately uniform rate during a portion of the production of the work and at a substantially non-uniform rate during a ortion of the production of the Work, the p enemena in each dimension being inde endent.

24. In a machine of the class escribed, a modelwheel carriage, a tool carriage, and a mechanism connecting them constructed and arranged to altersits effective length in several dimensions at an approximately uniform rate during a portion of the production of the work and at a substantially nonuniform rate during a portion of the production of the work, the phenomena in each dimension being arbitrary.

25. In a machine of the class described, two carriages, a grading device operating in several dimensions connecting them, mechanism for varying the uniformity of grade while the work is being formed, and means for rendering said mechanism inactive in any dimension during a portion of the work forming operation.

26. In a machine of the class described, two carriages, a grading device operating in several dimensions connecting them, mechanism for varying the uniformity of grade while the work is being formed, and means for rendering said mechanism inactive in all dimensions during a portion of the work i a l talities. means for effecting reredetermined time during the work forming operation.

28. In a machine of the class described, carriages on the model and work side, respectively, grading mechanisms for controlling the relative movementof the carriages in two mutually transverse directions and a rate variation control for, both of the grading mechanism.

29. In a machine model holding and model guided talities, work and tool holding of the class described,

instrumeninstrumenative movements' in more than one dimension between said instrumentalities in pairs, and mechanism for effecting a substantial variation, during the cutting, of the ratio between the components parallel to more than one dimension, of corresponding relative movements in the pairs. I

-30. In a machine of the class described, model and work instrumentalities, and a plural dimensional grading mechanism controlling them and having. provision for produ'cing approximately geometrical or systematically non-geometrical correspondence between their movements in any direction of grade as desired.

31. In a machine of the class described, model and work instrumentalities, and a plural dimensional grading mechanism controlling them,

said grading mechanism being convertible fro approximately geometrical to distinctly,non-geometrical performan'ce in any or all dimensions as desired and vice versa.

32. In a machine of the class described, carriages on the model and work side, re spectively, grading mechanisms for controlling the relative movement of the carriages in two mutually transverse directions and controls for the grading mechanisms operating discontinuously during the production of the work.

33. In a machine of the class described, carriages on the model and work side, respectively, grading mechanisms for controlling the relative movement of the carriages in two mutually transverse directions and controls for-the grading mechanisms operating continuously or discontinuously as desired.

34. In a machine of the class described, an instrumentality on the model side, an instrumentality on the work side, grading mechanisms for transmitting grading movement from one to the other in several dimensions, and a control for each grading mechanism operated by the movement of a carriage in the direction of grade but unaffected bymovement of the carriage in a direction transverse to the direction of grade.

35. In a machine of the class described, an instrumentality on the model side, an

ing ratios operated in space relation to the production of the work in the corresponding dimension.

36. In a machine of the class described,

an instrumentality on the model side, an instrumentality on the 'work side, grading levers for transmitting grading movement from one to the other in several dimensions, and mechanisms forvarying the advantage of the levers, respectively, operated in space relation to the production of the work in the correspondin dimension.

37. In a machine of the class described, an instrumentality on the model side, an instrumentality on the work side, grading levers fortransmitting grading movement from one to the other in several dimensions, and mechanisms for varying the advantage of the levers, respectively, operated in space relation to the production of the workin the corresponding dimensions, and independently of the production of the work in any other dimension.

38. In a machine of the class described, an instrumentality on the model side, an instrumentality on the work side, a grading mechanism connecting them, and means for varying predeterminedly the grading ratio of the grading mechanism, operating in space relation to the production of the work quantitatively in the same direction each side of an intermediate point of the model.

39. In a machine of the class described, an instrumentaliy on the model side, an instrumentality on the work side, a gradin m5 40. In a machine of the class described,

an instrumentality on the model side, an instrumentality on the work side, a grading lever connecting them and means for moving a pivot of the lever to change the advanthe lever in the same direction when tage of model either side reproducing a point on the of a line of reference. I

41. In a machine of the class described,

an instrumentality on the model side, an-in- 12o strunientality on the work side, a grading lever connecting them, and means for'changing the advantage of the lever by moving its pivot the model either side of a position of reference.

42. In a machine of the class described, an instrumentality on the model side, an in strumentality on the work side, a grading 13o lever connecting them and means for recip in the same direction from a point of reference when reproducing points on rocating a fulcrum of the lever as the oint class described,

, advantage of the gradinglever for permissive and constrained movement in the same sense each side of a position of reference.

44. In a machine of the class described, a plural dimensional grading mechanism comprising a lever arranged to rade in each dimension and a pivot contro ling mechanism for varying the advantage of each lever.

45. In a machine of the class described, a plural dimensional grading mechanism comprising a grading lever for each dimension and a control lever and connections for varying the advantage of each lever.

46. In a machine of the class described, a plural dimensional grading mechanism comprising a grading lever for each dimension, and a control lever and coniiections for altering the relative distances between the gradin lever fulcra.

47. n a machine of the class described, a plural dimensional grading mechanism comprising a lever arranged to grade in each .dimension and a pivot controlling mechanism for varyin the advantage of each lever, the operat1on of the control mechanism being independent in each dimension.

48. In a machine of the class described, a plural dimensional grading mechanism comprising a grading lever for each dimension and a control lever and connections for varying the advanta e of each lever, the action of each control ever bein independent.

49. In a machine of the c ass described, a plural dimensional grading mechanism comprising a grading lever for each dimension, and a control lever and connections for altering the relative distances between the grading lever fulcra, the phenomena on each lever being independent.

50. In a machine of the class described, a plural dimensional rading mechanism, and a control lever 81K? connections for altering the grading ratio in each dimension during the production of a piece of work, and a member for drivin each control lever constructed and arranged to enga c it during an arbitrary portion of the wor production.

51. In a machine of the class described,

mg the production of a a plural dimensional grading and a control lever and connections for alter ng the grading ratio in each dimension dur- 111g the production of a lace of work, and a member for driving eac control lever constructed and arranged to engage it during an arb1trary portion of the work production, in the dimension corresponding to the lever afiected. I

52. In a machine of the class described, a (plural'dlmensional grading mechanism, an a control lever and connections for alterng the grading ratio in each dimension durpiece of work, and a member for driving eac control lever constructed and arranged to engage it during an arbitrary portion of the work reduction, the phenomena in connection with each lever being inde endent.

58. In a machine of the class described, n gradmg' mechanism comprising a main g ding ever and. an advantage control mechanism comprising a control lever constructed and arranged to vary the advantage of the main lever and arranged to be controlled by oppositely swinging parts of the control lever at different times whereby the advantage is variable in the same direction both ways from an intermediate part or the work production.

54. In a machine of the class described, a gradin mechanism comprising a main lever an a control lever having lost motion connections and also connections of fixed length with a pivot of the main lever,

whereby the advantage of the main lever can be regulated.

55. In a machine of the class described, a grading mechanism comprising a main lever and a control lever swinging in one direction during the production of a piece of work, having lost motion connections and also connections of fixed length with a pivot of the main lever, whereby the advanta of the main lever can be regulated in t e same direction both ways from an intermediate oint of the production of the work.

56. n a machine of the class described, a grading mechanism comprisin a main grad- 1ng lever and a control lever or regulatin the advantage of the main lever, the contro lever having connections with two ivots of the main lever one lying on each si e of one of its own pivots. 57. In a machine of the class described, a grading mechanism comprising a main grading lever and a control lever for regulating the advantage of the main lever, the control lever havin connections with two pivots of the main Iever one lyin on each side of one of its own pivots sai connections being convertible from fixed length to lost motion type.

58. In a machine of the class described, a grading mechanism comprising a main mechanic lllil llll grading lever and a control lever for regulating the advantage of the main lever, the control lever havin connections with two pivots of the main fever one lying on each side of one of its own pivots, one of sa1d connections being convertible from fixed length to 10st motion type.

59. In a machine of t e class descr1bed, a grading mechanism comprising a mam grading lever and a control lever for regulating the advantage of the mam lever, the control lever having connections w1th two pivots of the main lever one lying on each side of one of its own pivots, either of said connections being convertible from fixed length to lost motion type.

60. In a machine of the class described having four primary instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel and a model holder, a tool and a work holder, means, comprising relatively adjustable elements, for connecting said parts for relative movements to repro-.

duce the model considered as an aggregate of differential elements independently 1n a plurality of systems corresponding to a plurality of space dimensions, and means capable of adjustment for determining atwredetermined intervals during the reproduction difierences in adjustment of said relatively adjustable elements of the said connecting means which control the relative positions in the work of the said differential elements of an arbitrarily selected one of said systems;

61. In a machine of the class described having four primary instrumentalities, viz, a model wheel and a model holder, a tool and a work holder, means, comprising relatively adjustable elements, for connecting said parts for relative movements to reproduce the model considered as an aggregate of difierential elements independently in a plurality of systems corresponding to a plurality of space dimensions, and means capable of adjustment for determining at predetermined parts of the work during the reproduction differences in adjustment of said relatively adjustable elements of the said connecting means which control the relative positions in the work of the said \difi'erential elements of each of said systems.

62. A machine accordin to claim in which the grading mechanism of said claim has means providing leverage variable during the work production in a plurality of space dimensions upon a plurality of the primary instrumentalities during the production of a work iece, whereby the re produced differential elements are shifted relatively toward and from one another.

63. That improvement in the art of pattern reproduction which consists in subdividing in effect the model into a s stem of differential elements independently as regards a plurality of space dimensions, re-

producing the elements according to a systematic law and re-arranging the reproductions of a selected one of the systems in the work in order in a relation to one another which has a substantially non-geometric relation to the relation between their prototypes in the model.

64. That improvement in the art of pat tern reproduction which consists in subdividing in effect the model into a system of differential elements in a plurality of systems corresponding to different space dimensions, reproducing each element according to a systematic law, and re-arran ing the reproductions of the members of eit er s stem at will in the work in order in re atively condensed and rarefied arrangement in different parts of the work as compared with their prototypes in the model.

65. That improvement in the art of pattern reproduction which consists in subdividing in effect the model into a system of differential elements in a plurality of systems corresponding to different space dimensions, reproducing each element according to a systematic law, re-arranging the reproductions of the elements of each system in the work in order in relatively condensed and rarefied arrangement in diiferent parts of the work as compared with their prototypes in the model.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this s ecification.

F EDERIC W. POTTER. 

